ABSTRACT
Isolated cardiac location is an uncommon presentation of echinococcosis and involvement of the pericardium is even rarer. It may lead to various complications or remain asymptomatic for a long time. We report a case of a 71-year-old woman with isolated pericardial hydatid cyst (without myocardial involvement) that observed with incidentally.
Introduction
Cardiac hydatid cysts are uncommon in cases of hydatid disease. Involvement of the heart accounts for 0.5%–2% of all hydatid cyst locations.[1] It is extremely rare to come across pericardial involvement in cardiac hydatid cysts.[2] We present a case of pericardial hydatid cyst who remain asymptomatic for roughly 50 years.
Case Report
A 71-year-old woman presented to our clinic after suspicious calcified cyst was seen on her chest X-ray [Figure 1]a prior to elective orthopedic surgery. The physical examination was unremarkable with the exception of a scar tissue on her chest which was due to a thoracotomy 50 years ago. There is no abnormal value in the patient's laboratory tests (white blood cell: 6.53 103/μL, eosinophil: 0.04 103/μL). Electrocardiography was in sinus rhythm. Transthoracic echocardiography identified acyst showing minimal compression to the left atrium with a size of 6 cm × 3 cm [Figure 1]b. On the thoracic computed tomography scan, a heterogeneous, hypodense mass lesion with a heavily calcified cyst of 6 cm × 8 cm in size and radiolucent center was detected in the mediastinum medium in the left atrioventricular neighborhood [Figure 2]a, [Figure 2]b, [Figure 2]c, [Figure 2]d. In patient's detailed medical history, there was a failed cyst operation from 50 years ago. The patient has had no complaints since then. There was no any medical document for that operation. The patient said that the surgery team at the time told her the cyst was caused by a disease transmitted from an animal. Since hydatid cysts caused by echinococcosis are usually calcified, we thought the underlying cause for the cyst would be echinococcosis. It is also important to note that during those years, hydatid disease was endemic in Turkey and neighboring countries. A second surgical operation was recommended to the patient. The patient did not accept the operation due to her age and no symptoms for 50 years. The patient has been followed up asymptomatically for 1 year.
Discussion
Cardiac hydatid cysts are uncommon in cases of hydatid disease. The cardiac location for these cysts are relatively rare compared to other organs in the area. For cardiac hydatid cysts, they are most frequently seen in the myocardial region especially in the left ventricular free wall and the interventricular septum. It is extremely rare to come across pericardial involvement in cardiac hydatid cysts.[2] In our patient, the hydatid cyst was located inside the pericardial cavity without myocardial involvement. Clinical findings and complications vary according to the location of the cyst.[3] It is common to see patients with cardiac hydatid cysts to remain asymptomatic for a long time with no or minimal complaints. Cardiac hydatid cysts may present with potentially life-threatening events such as cardiac tamponade, heart failure, syncope, arrhythmias, valvular stenosis or regurgitation, pulmonary hypertension, or peripheral embolism.[4] However, there is a strong association between cardiac hydatid cysts and an increased risk of lethal complications. These complications involve ruptures causing cardiac tamponade, anaphylaxis as well as death if the underlying cause of hydatid disease is left untreated. In our case, we have not planned any surgical intervention for now, since the cyst has been calcified and asymptomatic for about 50 years and the patient did not accept a second operation.
Declaration of patient consent
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Conflicts of interest
There are no conflicts of interest.
